The Common European Framework of
Reference for Languages (CEFR)

The Reference Levels of the CEFR​​​​

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​The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) is intended to ensure greater standardisation and transparency when learning foreign languages. To this end, it defines six different reference levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2). These allow different European language certificates to be compared with each other and create a standardised benchmark for assessing the language skills of non-native speakers. A brief description of the reference levels can be found in Table 2. The full description of the CEFR reference levels can be found on the website of the Council of Europe.​

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Table 2: Short, unofficial description of the CEFR reference levels

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